主管单位：澳门镜湖医院
主办单位：《镜湖医学》编辑部
ISSN 2223-4462
主办单位：《镜湖医学》编辑部
ISSN 2223-4462
Objective To analyze differences in brain structure volumes among patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD), mild cognitive impairment(MCI), and cognitively normal older adults using structural magnetic resonance imaging(sMRI) technology. Methods A total of 67 AD patients, 77 MCI patients and 174 normal controls(NC) were included. All participants underwent 3D T1-weighted images (T1WI) scanning, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The T1WI of all subjects were processed using MR brain structure automatic segmentation software to obtain the volume and volume percentage of each brain region. SPSS v25.0 was used for statistical analysis, and covariates included age, gender, years of education and whole brain volume. Results There were significant differences in the volume of multiple brain regions among the three groups (P＜0.05). Compared with the NC group, the volume of the ventricular system-related regions in the MCI group increased significantly, while the volume of the middle part of the corpus callosum decreased significantly. Compared with the NC group, the volume of the whole brain gray matter and multiple brain regions in the AD group decreased significantly, and the volume of the ventricular system-related regions increased significantly. Compared with the MCI group, the volume of the ventricular system-related regions in the AD group increased significantly, and the volume of some brain regions decreased significantly. There were significant differences in the volume percentages of multiple brain regions among the three groups. Compared with the NC group, the volume percentages of the ventricular system-related regions in the MCI group increased significantly, and the volume of the middle part of the corpus callosum decreased significantly. Compared with the NC group, the volume percentages of the whole brain gray matter and multiple brain regions in the AD group decreased significantly, and the volume percentages of the ventricular system-related regions increased significantly. Compared with the MCI group, the volume percentage of the ventricular system-related areas in the AD group increased significantly, and the volume percentage of some brain regions decreased significantly. Conclusion The segmentation and measurement of brain volumes can assist in the clinical diagnosis of AD. Ventricular system dilatation and atrophy of the middle corpus callosum may facilitate the early identification of MCI.
Objective To explore the influencing factors of hemorrhagic transformation after cerebral infarction in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 91 inpatients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and cerebral infarction admitted to Kiang Wu Hospital in Macau from January 2020 to December 2022. They were divided into a non-hemorrhagic transformation group (n=64) and a hemorrhagic transformation group (n=27) based on imaging changes. Collect clinical data and imaging results of patients, explore risk factors for hemorrhagic transformation. Results (1) Comparing the NIHSS score, cortical cerebral infarction and large-area cerebral infarction between the non- hemorrhagic transformation group and the hemorrhagic transformation group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); (2)NIHSS score, cortical cerebral infarction and large-area cerebral infarction are independent influencing factors of hemorrhagic transformation (P<0.05). Conclusion NIHSS score, cortical cerebral infarction and large-area cerebral infarction are related to hemorrhagic transformation after cerebral infarction in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and are independent high-risk factors.
Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of vital pulp therapy for carious pulp-exposed mature permanent teeth. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on mature permanent teeth with pulp exposure caused by caries. In the experimental group, Iroot-bp plus was used as a pulp capping material for vital pulp therapy, while the control group received root canal treatment. Follow-up observations were conducted at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after the procedure to compare the clinical outcomes between the two groups. Furthermore, the differences in success rates among different age groups in the experimental group were analyzed. Results A total of 96mature permanent teeth with pulp exposure caused by caries the overall success rate in the vital pulp therapy group was 95.24%, while that in the root canal treatment group was 96.30%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). In the vital pulp therapy group, the pulp preservation success rates for patients aged <40 years, 40-60 years, and >60 years were 93.33%, 93.75%, and 100%, respectively, with no statistically significant differences among these three age groups (P>0.05). Conclusion For carious pulp-exposed mature permanent teeth, vital pulp therapy demonstrates good short-term effectiveness, with a success rate comparable to that of root canal treatment. Age is not a limiting factor for vital pulp therapy, however, strictly mastering the indications is the key to ensuring the success of the treatment.
Objective To detect and compare of EGFR mutation by immunohistochemistry and ARMS PCR, explore the possibility of substitution for EGFR gene mutation detection by ARMS PCRin lung adenocarcinoma. Methods Cell smears, histological and cell blocks were used to detect EGFR mutation by ARMS PCR and delE746-A750 and L858R mutant proteins by immunohistochemistry, and the detection results of both methods were relatively analyzed. Results EGFRmutant proteins in 116 cases of lung adenocarcinomaare detected by immunohistochemistry. In 39 cases of immunohistochemical score of 0, 29 cases (74.4%) had ARMS PCR mutations. In 5 cases of immunohistochemical score of 1, 4 cases (80.0%) had ARMS PCR mutations. In 14 cases of immunohistochemical score of 2, 14 cases (100%) had ARMS PCR mutations.In58 cases of immunohistochemical score of 3, 58 cases (100%) had ARMS PCR mutations. With an immunohistochemical score of <1+ as negative and >2+ as positive, the sensitivity of immunohistochemistry was 69.2%, the specificity was 100%, the positive predictive value was 100%, and the negative predictive value was 25.6%. Conclusion The immunohistochemical detection for EGFR delE746-A750 and L858R mutant protein is a simple, fast and easy to interpret method, and this method can be used as a substitution for EGFR ARMS PCR mutation detection, or a primary screen protocol.
Objective Investigated the seroepidemiological characteristics of herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Serological data from 2018 to 2024 (IgM:1,942 cases; IgG:1,483 cases) were analyzed using ELISA for HSV-1/2-specific IgM and IgG antibodies. Chi-square tests assessed differences by gender, age, and year. Results The positive rates of HSV-1 IgM/IgG were 9.32% and 67.23% respectively; the positive rates of HSV-2 IgM/IgG were 13.18% and 27.85% respectively. The HSV-1/2 IgM positivity rate in females (11.86%/16.96%) was significantly higher than that in males (6.83%/9.48%), and the HSV-1 IgG positivity rate in females (70.70%) was higher than that in males (63.40%), while there was no significant gender difference in HSV-2 IgG. The IgM peak appeared in the age group of 10-20 years (HSV-1 16.67%, HSV-2 21.43%), indicating that adolescents are at high risk of infection. The IgG positivity rate continued to increase with age, reaching 92.11% for HSV-1 and 55.26% for HSV-2 in the group aged >60 years, showing a cumulative infection characteristic. Conclusion Macao's strict COVID-19 measures indirectly affected the transmission patterns of herpes simplex virus, with increased household contact leading to an increased risk of HSV-1 and changes in behavioral patterns leading to a decreased risk of HSV-2. Gender- and age-specific strategies and post-pandemic surveillance are critical to reducing HSV infections.
Objective To compare the bone mineral density in postmenopausal patients with severe osteoporosis after 12 months of subcutaneous injection of romosozumab or teriparatide. Methods A total of 49 patients with severe postmenopausal osteoporosis were divided into two groups: romosozumab R group (25 cases) and teriparatide T group (24 cases). The R group received subcutaneous injection of romosozumab, while the T group received subcutaneous injection of teriparatide. The bone mineral density (lumbar spine bone mineral density, femoral neck and hip joint bone mineral density) and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results The lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density values increased in both groups after treatment (P<0.05), and the lumbar vertebrae bone mineral density value in group R was sig-nificantly higher than that in group T after 12 months of treatment (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the bone mineral density of the femoral neck and hip joint between the two groups after treatment, and no adverse reactions were observed in either group. Conclusion Romosozumab and teriparatide can achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects on lumbar spine bone mineral density in postmenopausal patients with severe osteoporosis 12 months later, but romosozumab has more advantages in reducing bone metabolism indicators and increasing bone mineral density.
